Infusion and biopsy needle



Aug. 26, 1947. H. TURKEL 2,426,535

INFUSION AND BIOPSY NEDL'E Filed .0010. 21, 1944 IN V EN TOR.

Patented Aug. 26, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,426,535 INFUsIoN VAND BIoPsY NEEDLE Henry Tui-kel, Detroit. Mich.

Application October 21, 1944, Serial No. 559,739

(o1.j 12s-'2)' l 1v Claim. l

The injection of fluids intoa peripheral vein may be impossible or technicallyimpractical for a variety of reasons, such as extensive burns or circulatory collapse. In such circumstances it is possible, safe and eficacious to administer the uid into the medullaryv space of the sternum. For this purpose a number of instruments have been devised.

Although the ValueV of intramedullary 'injections is Widely recognized, certain difficulties and disadvantages have been encountered in the use of methods heretofore employed. These include: local abscesses, subcutaneous infections and osteomyelitis; penetration' of the needle into the mediastinum by the use of uncontrollable force; breaking of the anterior lamellal of the sternum into small particles; which obstructed the lumen of the needle andinducedclot formation, leakage around the needle and accidentaldislodgment` of the'needle while the infusion was in` progress.

All the above obstacles may V be eliminated by the use ofthe instrument and method hereinafter described. y

The instrument'diifers from others in that by its use a core is removed from the anterior lamella of the sternum7 an aperture being left through which the infusion needle may be introduced easily and with slight force. The presence of this channel into the medullary space eliminates'the uncontrollable physical force required t'o'push a needle through the anterior sternal plate andl thus" prevents the danger of penetration yof the needle through the sternum andinto the mediastinum;v Since the core of bone with adherent marrow is removed, there are no bony fragments remaining to cause possible obstruction or promote local clot form-ation; ythus the necessity of flushing they needle and marrow cavity is obviated. Y

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a new and simple instrument for administration of fluids through bone marrow;

It is the further object of the present invention to provide a, new and simple instrument for obtaining subcutaneous or deep seated tissue or bone specimens for analysis and microscopic examination.

Other objects" Will be' seen from the following specification and claim which describe the invention in relation to thevarious elements and their combinations' as illustrated in the accompanying drawing of whichfor;

Fig. 3 isv an elevational section of the outer needle and its stylet. g

Fig. 4'is a plan view of the same. Y

Fig. 5`- is an elevational view of the inner cutting needle.

Fig. 6 is an elevational View `of its stylet.

Fig. 'l is an elevational, section of the inner cutting needle andits stylet. A

Fig. 8 is an elevational View of the outer needle variously positioned to show the method of using the' instrument for infusions.,

VFig. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary section of the end of the cutting needle.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged fragmentary section of a different type end of cutting needle.

Fig. 11 is a. similar vViewv of still'another variation.

Fig. 12 isr a similar View of a still differentr variation'thereof. l o

Fig. 13 is a bottom plan vieW- of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 lis a fragmentary elevational vieW show' inga different type of cutting end for the cutting needle. o

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary front elevational View of the same. Y

Fig.' 16 is a fragmentary elevational section thereof; and Y v Fig. 17 is a fragmentary elevational sectionof a different type' of cutting end.

It will be understood that the'y above drawing illustrates merely preferable embodiments of the invention andv that` othersY are contemplated within the scope ofthe claim hereunder. o Y Y In the `drawing Figs. 1-'4 the outer needlegand its stylet are shown. The outer needle comprises a hub l and a tube 2 projecting therefrom'having an outer sharp'beveled point 3. its other end'te ting within the shoulder 4 of said hub.

The-upper part of the hub has a hollow head 5. which' is tapered at 6`for insertion of a standard adaptor 2'5 as shown in Fig. 8 or'forv receiving a'syring'e or irrigation attachment. y A' slot T, Fig'. 3', is formedin head 5 intowlich lits' 'the projection 8 ofY head A2li of stylet 2T, so

as to align the point of the needle 3` with the point 9" of said stylet', thus keeping them at the same cutting or bevel angle'lll.

ofne'edle tip 3. A corresponding tip indicating .slot 'I3 is also formedin shoulder 4 in line with slot l l and said needle point.

The central portion l2 of the needle'hubis slightly tapered on its lower end adjacent vsaid Referring to Figs. 5, 6 and 7 the hollow internal cutting needle 28 is shown with its outside diameter equal to that of the outer needle stylet 2l, being adapted for insertion in said outer needle on removal of said stylet.

Needle 28 has preferably a 6 mm. long graduated neck It intermediate its shank and the hollow knurled handle I8. It is understood however that any other suitable length could be used. The shank of the needle `28 is of the proper Vlength so that when its cutting tip I5 reaches the lbevel ES of the outer needle, the 6 mm. long graduated neck l@ just touches the head 5 of the outer needle.

When the entire neck l5 is completely within'- the head of the outer needle, the inner cutting tip l5 projects 6 mm. beyond bevel I8 of the outer needle.

Said tip l5 comprises a plurality, Preferably four, saw-like cutting teeth I4 which are adapted to cut into tissue as needle 28 is rotated by handle 8.

, The interior surface of the tip l5 is cone shaped or converging at 29 as shown in Fig. 9 so that bony or other tissue cut becomes wedged into the end of needle 28 and remains Within the needle when the same is removed from the body.

Where wider holes are contemplated the compression ratio of the inner diameter of the cute ting needle to the width of the cutting tip l5 may .be insuiiicient to compress the tissue cut for retaining it within the end of the inner needle. Thus such cut tissue slides out of the needle tip as it is removed.

In order to retain such tissue a continuous threaded portion 38 is formed within the4 end of needle 28 adjacent the converging portion 29 as illustrated in Fig. 10. Said threaded portions may be close together or wide apart.

Threads 38 thus form a gripping means which cooperate with the inner converging end portion 29 for firmly retaining the tissue cut as the cutting needle is withdrawn.

Fig. 11 shows a slightly different form wherein a plurality of tissue retaining means 3| project inwardly from the inner surface of the cutting needle adjacent its inwardly converging portion A still different form of inner end of cutting needle is shown in Fig. V12 wherein flexible arcuate leaves 3l are joined at points 38 within the converging portion 2B of needle 28. Rotation of the needle clockwise as indicated causes the leaves to merely follow, assuming a peripheral position, while the tissue cut becomes wedged in the converging portion of the cutting needle. When the tissue tends to fall or pull out through the lower opening of the cutting needle, as the needle is removed, leaves 3l would be pulled centerwise to prevent the tissue from coming out. Rotation of the needle in the opposite direction would also cause the ends of leaves 3l to move` centerward for retaining the cut tissue within the end of the needle.

The hollow hub I1 of the internal cutting needle is adapted to receive the head I9 of the cutting needle stylet 28. rIhe stem thereof is slightly longer than shaft 28 of the cutting needle so that when inserted therethrough its end 34 extends through tip l of said needle. Stylet 28 is thus employed for ejecting or expressing the core of cut tissue out of the cutting needle.

As stylet 2B stays within the cutting needle as the latter is inserted into the outer guide needle, Fig. 1, it is seen that said stylet protects the cutting tip l5 from being accidentally bent during insertion.

Hollow hub Il is also adapted to cooperatively receive a standard syringe or the adapter 25 shown in Fig. 8 for infusions, transfusions, or irrigations, insertions of drugs, radium, etc.

The outer needle and stylet, Fig. 3, are pierced through the skin until the bone is reached, then stylet 2l is replaced by inner cutting needle 28, which drills a hole through the anterior lamella and retains the entire core instead of breaking it up into particles. The outer needle is then pushed a predetermined distance into the prepared hole with little force. The inner needle v28 is removed; and after the presence of the tip of the outer needle in the sternal cavity has been veried by aspiration with a syringe, the instrument is ready for infusion as shown in Fig. 8.

For the actual infusion the outer needle angular shoulder il rests parallel to and against the skin. However in many instances where the outer needle is not to be inserted its full length,

dry cotton or gauze 35 is placed between said` shoulder and the skin. In order to prevent that the outer needle is not accidentally dislodged or moved, tape 3&5 is employed provisioned around the body and the top part of shoulder 4 of the outer needle for immovably retaining the same.

The use of cutting needle 28 within guide needle l-2 guarantees making a close t opening into body spaces or sinuses or abscesses which is advantageous for irrigation and instillation of fluids and drugs. Y

A slightly different type of cutting end for hollow cutting needle 28 is illustrated in Figs. 14 through 1'7.

Fig. 14 shows the cutting needle beveled at its end as at 39 providing an approximate elliptical opening for receiving the tissue specimen. In Fig. 14 it is noted that one edge 48 is sharp to act as a cutting blade as needleZS is rotated within guide needle 2 for cutting tissue or bone.

It is also contemplated that the opposite edge 5| may also be sharp as shown in Fig. 17, to provide two cutting edges.

However, in Figs. 15 and 16 the needle is shown with only one cutting edge lll and with the other edge 42 relatively blunt.

Furthermore it is contemplated as in Fig. 16 that at least one portion d3 of the inner surface of the cutting end be inwardly converging as shown in section in Fig'. 16, for rmly wedging within the end of the needlethe eut tissue, bone, or marrow specimen.

However, in Fig. 17 the needle is inwardly Converging at 4d throughout its entire interior surface adjacent the sharp cutting edges il@ and l for firmly wedging in the cut specimen or tissue to be removed.

Referring to Fig. 4, tapered portion 3 isalso beveled at 3 to facilitate progressive entry of outer needle 2 into the aperture cut out or formed by inner needle 28, as the latter is manually rotated Within said outer needle.

Having described my invention, reference should now be had to the claim which follows for determining the scope thereof.

I claim:

An infusion and biopsy instrument comprising a hollow shaft, cutting means on the end thereof, an inwardly converging interior adjacent said cutting means, and a plurality of tissue retaining means pivotally mounted Within said shaft adjacent said converging interior.

HENRY TURKEL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the 5 file of this patent:

Number UNITED STATES PATENTS 

